CHARACTER OF RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SOMATIC COEFFICIENTS AND PHYSIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS THE 15-17 YEAR OLD ICE-HOCKEY PLAYERS

The somatic structure in the significant degree determines the possibilities of applying definite tactical solutions, he can limit or stimulate unreeling the competitor individual technique. Somatic conditions can be the limiter of the motor preparation and coordination. The aim of investigations was qualification of dependence between coefficients of the somatic parameters and coefficients of aerobic and anaerobic efficiency. In investigations participated hockey players of National Team Poland in the age from 15 to 17 years. Essential dependences stepped out between the coefficients of aerobic and anaerobic efficiency, and the coefficients of the somatic conditions counted from the value of mass and the length of the body. The number of appointed dependences is higher in hockey players team U18 in the comparison with hockey players team U15

A COMPARISON OF METHODS FOR CALCULATING LACTATE ANAEROBIC THRESHOLDS IN JUDO AND MIXED MARTIAL ARTS ATHLETES

The study aimed to determine the differences between exercise intensities at the anaerobic threshold values (VAT) calculated with methods of lactate curve analysis such as LTvisual, LTloglog, LT4.0, LTΔ1, and LTD-max, and to build regression equations that allow athletic training specialists to compare VAT values obtained from LTvisual, LTloglog, LTΔ1, LTD-max with that calculated with LT4.0. The sample analysed during the study consisted of 19 judoka and 22 MMA practitioners in a preparation period for competition. Each of the two disciplines has its own hierarchy of VAT values. The analysis aimed to determine the effect of the athletic discipline factor and of the method factor on VAT values. Results: The coefficient of variation (CV) values obtained indicate that the effective exercise intensities have bigger variation in judoka aerobic endurance training. VAT values assessed for judoka using different methods for analysing the blood lactate concentration curve are more consistent than in MMA competitors. Conclusions: Judo and MMA competitors have their specific hierarchies of running velocities at the anaerobic threshold, with both the athletic discipline factor and the method factor having an interaction effect on the VAT level. VAT levels assessed from the different methods used to analyse the blood lactate concentration curve are more consistent (ANOM) in judoka than in MMA practitioners

Calculating lactate anaerobic thresholds in sports involving different endurance preparation

AbstractThe aim of this study was to establish the degree of similarity of exercise intensity values at the anaerobic threshold (AT) provided by five methods of lactate curve analysis, i.e., LTAT, LTloglog, 1 mmol AT, 4 mmol AT, and D-max. The pattern of similarities and differences was sought in athletes with varying levels of experience and sports skills, representing two disciplines with different prevailing types of power output during competition: on-road cycling (aerobic metabolism) and ice-hockey (anaerobic metabolism).All groups of athletes tested [Group 1: on-road cyclists (n = 19) at international sporting level (participants of the Olympic Games and World Championships); Group 2: on-road cyclists (n = 20) at national sporting level; Group 3: ice-hockey players (n = 24) at international sporting level (Polish National Team); and Group 4: ice-hockey players (n = 22) at international sporting level (Polish National Team U-20)] performed an incremental exercise.The greatest power values at the anaerobic threshold (PAT) were provided by the LTAT (221.93 ± 34.5 W) and 4 mmol AT (226.38 ± 32.33 W) methods, whereas the lowest were provided by the LTloglog (190.71 ± 25.92 W) method. The PAT produced by the LTloglog method was statistically significantly lower (p ≤ 0.001) than the values provided by LTAT, 4 mmol AT, and Dmax. The PAT levels were found to be statistically significantly different for power values determined using the 4 mmol AT and those produced by the 1 mmol AT (p ≤ 0.001) and D-max (p ≤ 0.01) methods. As shown by the analyses, PAT values vary in the international-level on-road cyclists depending on the method of lactate curve analysis applied

The Effectiveness Of A 12-Day Training Program Restoring Aerobic Capacity After A Break In Training At Football Players’

The occurrence of detraining in sports disciplines characterized by an extended starting period has to be taken into consideration whilst devising the sports training program. The aim of this study was the evaluation of the effectiveness of the applied 12-day training program, which was to minimalize the effects of detraining in a group of Polish Major League football players. The training program applied, based on a total load volume, in two micro cycles in the particular zones: Io 28, and 31 km, IIo 24, and 26.5 km, IIIo 18, and 19.8 km, influences a significant aerobic capacity precipitation of competitors after a 14-day detraining period. The increase of indicator value were: VO2max by 12%, V.LT by 7%, and V.AT by 10%. Due to choosing the proportions of training loads in I, II, and III intensity range, it is possible to include competitors with various levels of aerobic capacity in one training group. The basis of such a solution is determining individual workout intensities while the volume is the same for the whole team.The occurrence of detraining in sports disciplines characterised by an extended starting period has to be taken into consideration whilst devising the sports training program. The aim of this study was the evaluation of the effectiveness of the applied 12-day training program, which was to reduce the effects of detraining in a group of Polish Major League football players. The training program applied was based on a total load volume in two micro cycles in particular zones: Io 28, and 31 km, IIo 24, and 26.5 km, IIIo 18, and 19.8 km. A significant aerobic capacity precipitation of competitors after a 14-day detraining period was observed. The increase of indicator values were; VO2max by 12%, V.LT by 7%, and V.AT by 10%. Due to choosing the proportions of training loads in I, II, and III intensity range, it was possible to include competitors with various levels of aerobic capacity in one training group. The basis of such a solution is determining individual workout intensities while the volume is the same for the whole team

RELATIONSHIPS OF PHYSICAL FITNESS TEST RESULTS AND PLAYER PERFORMANCE INDICATORS IN NATIONAL-LEVEL ICE HOCKEY PLAYERS

The aim of the study is to identify the relationships of the results of the physiological and anthropometric tests and special on-ice fitness tests with individual player performance indicators during matches of the Poland men's national ice hockey team played during the U18 Ice Hockey World Championship. A total of 20 hockey players (forwards, n=12 and defensemen, n=8) of the Poland men's national ice hockey team were included in this study. All participants were performed a battery tests including maximal aerobic capacity, Wingate test, Repeated-Skate Sprint test and vertical jump test. Pearson correlations were used to examine any differences in all measures and +/– score. Only the fatigue index calculated from the repeated-skate sprint test was significantly correlated with absolute +/– score (r=0.47, p0.05). The result of the aerobic capacity test, expressed by means of the oxygen intake value (V̇O2max), despite being statistically insignificant, reached the value of r=0.42. The results of this study suggest that game performance as indicated by the +/– score can be predicted by the fatigue index calculated from the repeated-skate sprint test

Control In Competitive Sport As Exemplified By A Women Basketball Team In The Polish First League

This article aims to present elements of control within the selected areas of motor preparation in competitive athletes established at rest and after exercise. Identifying the effect of fatigue on the values of the controlled coefficients allows assessing training effectiveness, comparing athletes for performance, as well as determining the kinetics of oxygen deficit, oxygen debt, oxygen uptake or the level of lactate concentration at different stages of continued exercise. This type of research provides both athletes and their coaches with immediate information on how well the former are prepared and enables the control of training results.This article aims to present elements of control within selected areas of motor preparation in competitive athletes established both at rest and after exercise. Identifying the effect of fatigue on the values of the controlled coefficients allows for assessing training effectiveness. Comparing athletes for performance, as well as determining the kinetics of oxygen deficit, oxygen debt, oxygen uptake or the level of lactate concentration at different stages of continued exercise. This type of research provides both athletes and their coaches with direct information on how well the former are prepared and enables the control of training results

The direction of the changes of rates of the internal and external training load under the influence of high-altitude hypoxia on mountain bikers

The aim of the research carried out was to establish the direction, and scope of the changes in internal, and external load indicator values in cyclists, men, and women, in high-altitude hypoxia conditions. The participants of the study were mountain bike cyclists, members of Russian and Polish Nationals Teams (women n=11, men n=9). They have done the graded incremental exercise test at the altitude of 170 m (Lonato del Garda, Italy) and 2250 m (Livignio-Trepale Italy). In the course of effort VO2, VE, VCO2 was measured by means of K4b2 analyser (Cosmed Italy). Effort intensity was determined at ventilators thresholds VT1 (AT), and VT2. Internal and external load indicators undergo changes during physical effort in cyclists under the influence of high altitude hypoxia. In groups of men and women, the changes in indicator values reach VE: 9% and 12%, HR: 0,5% and 15, O2HR: 7% and 15%, VO2: 14% and 20% respectively, as well as a decrease in 5 and 4% of the generated power, respectively. A decrease in the generated power by 5%, higher ventilation, amounting to 10%, a higher VO2max, amounting to 17% in hypoxic conditions, in comparison with the conditions similar to those at sea level, show that it is necessary to modify training loads

Levels of training indicators in the annual training of young hockey players

This paper presents the means of control used in a competitive sport (ice hockey), including changes in aerobic and anaerobic capacity indicators between training periods. The study was carried out with 14 ice-hockey players (n=14), pupils at the Sport Championship School run by the Polish Ice Hockey Federation in Sosnowiec. All tests were performed in the early general preparation period (June), in the early competition period (November), and during the direct preparation period (March) directly for the main sporting event of the season – the Ice Hockey U-18 World Championship Division I Group B. The values of three of the four aerobic capacity indicators were the lowest in the direct preparation period and the highest in the early competition period. The fact that the values of all anaerobic capacity indicators were the highest in the direct preparation period indicates that the study participants were well prepared for the specific demands of on-ice competition

Obesity in 18-25-year-olds in relation to their physical activity, and lifestyle

The quality of life is a multidimensional notion. When studying it, one should take the physical, the psychological, the social, and the professional aspects into consid eration. Among them, the notion of the influence of obesity, understood as a modern -age disease, relates the quality of life to the notion of health, in the aspect of physical activity. The aim of the study carried out, was to determine the relationship be tween obesity in 18 -25 year - olds, and their physical activity, as well as the quality of their lives. The study was carried out by means a WHOQOL - BREF, and IPAQ survey questionnaires carried out on a group of 100 participants. The control group included pe ople whose BMI was within the norm, whereas the study group comprised people whose BMI was over 25. The results of the study have shown obesity to have a statistically significant negative impact on the quality of life in the physical, and mental domains, and as far as the general perception of health was concerned. In the study group, the mean weekly energy expenditure, was lower than in the control group. The physical activity of the obese, includes, mainly, activities based on light effort, and to a less er extent, those based on moderate effort. A comparative analysis has shown the level of physical activity to be significantly lower in obese women, in each type of physical effort, except light effort. This difference does not exist between the study, and control groups of men

Energy system contributions to the special judo fitness test

Purpose: This study investigated the energy system contributions of judo athletes to the Special Judo Fitness Test (SJFT). Methods: Fourteen male judo athletes performed the SJFT, which comprised three periods of judo activity (A = 15 s, B and C = 30 s) interspersed with 10 s rest intervals. During this test, one athlete threw two others positioned 6 m from each other using the ippon-seoi-nage technique. The fractions of the aerobic, anaerobic alactic and anaerobic lactic systems were calculated based on oxygen uptake, the fast component of excess postexercise oxygen uptake, and changes in net blood lactate, respectively. The contribution of the three energy systems was compared using a repeated measures analysis of variance and Bonferroni's multiple comparisons test. Compound symmetry, or sphericity, was determined by Mauchly's test. A level of significance of 5% (P < .05) was adopted in all analyses. Results: The alactic energy system presented a higher (F = 20.9; P < .001; power observed = 1.0) contribution (86.8 +/- 23.6 kJ; 42.3 +/- 5.9%) during the test when compared with both aerobic (57.1 +/- 11.3 kJ; 28.2 +/- 2.9%) and lactic (58.9 +/- 12.1 kJ; 29.5 +/- 6.2%) energy systems (P < .001 for both comparisons). Conclusions: The higher alactic contribution seems to be a consequence of the high-intensity efforts performed during the test, and its intermittent nature. Thus, when using the SJFT, coaches are evaluating mainly their athletes' anaerobic alactic system, which can be considered to be the most predominant system contributing to the actions (techniques) performed in the match